Do You Need to Take the GRE for a PhD?

Pursuing a PhD is a major academic commitment. PhD programs generally last 4-5 years, though this can vary by field. The application process for graduate school can feel complex. One of the most common questions prospective students ask is: is the GRE required for PhD programs today?

The GRE general test has traditionally been a key standardized exam used in graduate education systems. However, in recent years, many universities have reconsidered its role in evaluating applicants for graduate school.

Today, whether you need to take the GRE general test depends on the institution, department, and field of study. Some PhD programs still require GRE scores, while others have moved to optional or waived policies.

PhD applicants should also understand that the process involves more than testing. PhD programs seek to evaluate your intellectual ability, research goals, previous research experience, and how you will contribute to their program.

Applicants must possess an undergraduate degree from an accredited college or university. Many programs accept students with or without a master’s degree, though having a master’s degree can strengthen your profile. In addition, it is typically required to submit letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, and a CV or resume. These materials are submitted through an online application, typically submitted electronically through an application portal.

This guide while help you determine if you need to take the GRE for your desired PhD programs. 

I. Is GRE Required for PhD Programs Today?

Historically, the GRE was required across nearly all graduate programs. Admissions committees used average GRE scores to evaluate competitiveness and compare students across institutions.

However, this trend has shifted.

Top-tier institutions like Stanford and MIT have waived the GRE, and many others have followed. Programs at various institutions now emphasize holistic review instead of standardized testing.

Today, admissions decisions rely more heavily on the following criteria:

• Research experience
• Letters of recommendation
• Academic performance
• Written materials like the personal statement

Programs that waive the GRE often prioritize qualitative factors over test scores. However, some departments still consider GMAT scores or GRE scores depending on what the department requires. GRE scores are also considered by some departments for merit-based financial aid or fellowships.

If you're unfamiliar with the exam itself, you can learn more about what is the GRE and why it matters for grad school.

II. Does a PhD Require the GRE in the USA?

The answer depends on the institution and program.

There are several other factors during the application review process, which GPA being the single most important factor in PhD admissions. Some programs still require GRE scores, particularly in quantitative disciplines. Others allow self score reports, while some do not review them at all.

Regardless of test requirements, the online application process for graduate school typically includes:

• Academic records from your Bachelor’s degree
• Transcripts from a master’s degree (if applicable)
• A statement of purpose
• A CV or resume
• Three letters of recommendation
• Official transcripts
• Proof of English proficiency, such as official TOEFL scores if your first language is not English

Applicants must upload documents, often including a scanned copy of transcripts, which will later go through Verification. Most applications are submitted online through the program’s application portal. The application fee for PhD programs varies by institution, typically ranging from $75 to $105.

Applications for PhD programs are generally due in December or January. Each application deadline is strict, and missing a deadline can invalidate your submitted application, so it’s critical to track every deadline carefully. You can check GRE test dates here and plan accordingly.

III. Do All PhD Programs Require the GRE?

No, not all programs require GRE scores. Programs generally fall into three categories:

GRE Required   

Some programs require official GRE scores and may consider average GRE scores, your highest score, and your total score when evaluating applicants

GRE Optional   

Applicants can submit self reported scores if they choose. Strong performance can strengthen your profile

GRE Waived   

In GRE-waived programs, scores are not reviewed at all, even if they are self reported

Some business-related doctoral programs may accept GMAT scores instead of GRE scores, and in rare cases allow both GRE or GMAT scores.

IV. PhD Fields That Commonly Waive the GRE

GRE waivers are most common in humanities, education, public health, and many social science programs, while requirements vary more widely across STEM and engineering disciplines depending on the field and institution.

Humanities and Social Sciences

Many humanities programs no longer require GRE scores. Instead, they focus on qualitative materials such as a personal statement and academic performance from your Bachelor’s degree or master’s degree.

These programs often emphasize writing samples, letters of recommendation, and research alignment. 

STEM and Engineering Programs

STEM fields historically required the GRE General Test and sometimes the GRE Subject Test. In fields like Economics or specific branches of Physics, GRE scores are still commonly required. However, many programs now waive it depending on the institution.

Applicants to science PhDs often benefit more from research experience and publications. 

V. When Submitting GRE Scores Can Still Help Your PhD Application

Even if the GRE is optional, submitting scores may benefit certain PhD Applicants.

• Low GPA: A strong GRE performance can offset weaker grades.
• Non-Traditional Background: Scores demonstrate readiness for graduate school.
• Competitive Programs: Programs with low admission rates may still value high scores.
• International Applicants: Standardized testing helps compare applicants globally.

Keep in mind that all scores must be valid, and institutions only accept scores within a specific timeframe. Requirements vary by institution, so always confirm whether scores are considered valid.

VI. GRE Optional vs GRE Waived: Whats the Difference?

GRE Optional 

You may submit scores if you choose. Strong scores can help your application.

GRE Waived

Scores are not considered at all.

This distinction is critical when preparing your online application, especially when paying the application fee and ensuring your submitted application meets all requirements.

Some applicants can qualify for a GRE waiver due to significant professional experience, completion of a previous Master's degree, or having a high undergraduate GPA.

VII. Should You Take the GRE if It's Optional for Your PhD?

Take the GRE If:

• Your GPA is below average
• You are applying to competitive programs
• You want to strengthen your academic profile

Skip the GRE If:

• Your academic record is already strong
• The program does not review scores
• You want to save on the application fee and prep costs

Certain professional doctorates may prioritize experience over test scores.

VIII. How to Check GRE Requirements for Specific PhD Programs

Follow these steps:

1. Visit the official program website
    
2. Review requirements listed on the application portal
    
3. Confirm required documents
    
4. Check the application deadline and overall timeline
    
5. Contact admissions if needed

If submitting scores, ensure they are sent using the correct institution code, and always review the program’s application checklist to confirm your materials are complete before submission.

Learn how to register for the GRE here.

IX. Alternatives to the GRE in PhD Admissions

There are other factors that often carry more weight than test scores in modern graduate school admissions.

Many programs now focus on:

• Research Experience: Highly valued in admissions decisions
• Letters of Recommendation: Strong letters can significantly impact outcomes
• Statement of Purpose: Explains your academic journey and goals
• Personal Statement: Provides insight into your background and motivations
• CV or Resume: Highlights academic and professional experience
• Academic Records: Including official transcripts from your master’s degree or undergraduate studies

Applicants should check each program's admissions page for the most current requirements, as they can change annually.

X. FAQ

Q: Do you need to take the GRE for a PhD in the USA?

A: Not always. Requirements vary by program and institution.

Q: Is the GRE required for PhD programs?

A: Many programs no longer require it, but policies differ.

Q: Do all PhD programs require GRE scores?

A: No. Some require, some are optional, and others are waived.

Q: Should I submit GRE scores if they are optional?

A: Submit them if they improve your application, especially if your total score is competitive.

Q: Can I get into a PhD program without the GRE?

A: Yes. Many programs evaluate applicants holistically using research, recommendations, and written materials.